RESUMEN
The Educated Citizen and Public Health initiative promotes that an understanding of public health issues is a principal component of an educated population and is necessary to develop social responsibility and promote civic dialog. This initiative supports the Institute of Medicine's (now the National Academy of Medicine) recommendation that "all undergraduates should have access to education in public health." The purpose of our work is to examine the extent to which 2- and 4-year U.S. state colleges and universities offer and/or require a public health course. Select indicators identified include the presence and type of public health curriculum, public health course requirement, presence of public health graduate program offering, pathways to public health, Community Health Worker training, as well as demographic information for each institution. An analysis was also conducted for the historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), and the same select indicators were examined. The data suggest that there is an imperative need for a public health curriculum across the nation's collegiate institutions with 26% of 4-year state institutions lacking a full undergraduate public health curriculum; 54% of 2-year colleges not offering a pathway to public health education; and 74% of HBCUs not offering a public health course or degree. In the age of COVID-19, syndemics, and considering the post-pandemic phase, we argue that expanding public health literacy at the associate and baccalaureate level can help prepare an educated citizenry who is both public health literate and one that can demonstrate resilience in the face of public health challenges.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Estados Unidos , Humanos , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , COVID-19/epidemiología , Educación en Salud , Curriculum , EstudiantesRESUMEN
This Viewpoint discusses a consensus report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) that reviews the impact of COVID-19 on the health and well-being of children and families and what needs to be done to attenuate longer-term negative effects.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Factores Socioeconómicos , Niño , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , FamiliaAsunto(s)
Comités Consultivos , Planificación en Desastres , Guías como Asunto , Nivel de Atención/legislación & jurisprudencia , Brotes de Enfermedades/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Incidentes con Víctimas en Masa/legislación & jurisprudencia , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Desastres Naturales , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review changes in public health finance since the 2012 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report "For the Public's Health: Investing in a Healthier Future." DESIGN: Qualitative study involving key informant interviews. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sample of US public health practitioners, leaders, and academics expected to be knowledgeable about the report recommendations, public health practice, and changes in public health finance since the report. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Qualitative feedback about changes to public health finance since the report. RESULTS: Thirty-two interviews were conducted between April and May 2019. The greatest momentum toward the report recommendations has occurred predominantly at the state and local levels, with recommendations requiring federal action making less progress. In addition, much of the progress identified is consensus building and preparation for change rather than clear changes. Overall, progress toward the recommendations has been slow. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the achievements reported by respondents were characterized as increased dialogue and individual state or local progress rather than widespread, identifiable policy or practice changes. Participants suggested that public health as a field needs to achieve further consensus and a uniform voice in order to advocate for changes at a federal level. IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE: Slow progress in achieving 2012 IOM Finance Report recommendations and lack of a cohesive voice pose threats to the public's health, as can be seen in the context of COVID-19 emergency response activities. The pandemic and the nation's inadequate response have highlighted deficiencies in our current system and emphasize the need for coordinated and sustained core public health infrastructure funding at the federal level.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Salud Pública , Financiación de la Atención de la Salud , Humanos , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , SARS-CoV-2 , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire Interior/prevención & control , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/transmisión , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , Aerosoles , COVID-19/epidemiología , Conferencias de Consenso como Asunto , Salud Ambiental , Humanos , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Estados Unidos , VentilaciónAsunto(s)
Servicios Médicos de Urgencia/normas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/normas , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/historia , Nivel de Atención/tendencias , Comités Consultivos/historia , Comités Consultivos/normas , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia/historia , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia/organización & administración , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia/tendencias , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/historia , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/organización & administración , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Defensa Civil/organización & administración , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría)/organización & administración , Planificación en Desastres/organización & administración , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/organización & administración , Sistema de Vigilancia de Factor de Riesgo Conductual , Urgencias Médicas , Humanos , Técnicas de Planificación , Salud Pública/normas , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Aprendizaje del Sistema de Salud/organización & administración , Investigación Biomédica , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Aprendizaje del Sistema de Salud/historia , Aprendizaje del Sistema de Salud/métodos , Informática Médica , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Personal de Salud/psicología , Colaboración Intersectorial , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Epidemia de Opioides , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/terapia , Humanos , Licencia Médica , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Estrés Laboral/terapia , Epidemia de Opioides/prevención & control , Cultura Organizacional , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Cuidadores , Demencia/terapia , Manejo de Atención al Paciente , Actividades Cotidianas , Investigación Biomédica , Demencia/epidemiología , Humanos , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Manejo de Atención al Paciente/organización & administración , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Despite social care interventions gaining traction in the US healthcare sector in recent years, the scaling of healthcare practices to address social adversity and coordinate care across sectors has been modest. Against this backdrop, the coronavirus pandemic arrived, which re-emphasized the interdependence of the health and social care sectors and motivated health systems to scale tools for identifying and addressing social needs. A framework on integrating social care into health care delivery developed by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine provides a useful organizing tool to understand the social care integration innovations spurred by COVID-19, including novel approaches to social risk screening and social care interventions. As the effects of the pandemic are likely to exacerbate socioeconomic barriers to health, it is an appropriate time to apply lessons learned during the recent months to re-evaluate efforts to strengthen, scale, and sustain the health care sector's social care activities.